Latin Irregular Conjugation Paradigm (esse)

Principal parts for esse, to be

sum, esse, fui, (futurus).

Infinitives and Participles

Present Perfect Future
Infinitive esse fuisse futurus esse
Participle ----- ----- futurus

Indicative Mood

Present Tense Imperfect Tense Future Tense
Singular Plural
1 sum sumus
2 es estis
3 est sunt
Singular Plural
1 eram eramus
2 eras eratis
3 erat erant
Singular Plural
1 ero erimus
2 eris eritis
3 erit erunt
Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 fui fuimus
2 fuisti fuistis
3 fuit fuerunt
Singular Plural
1 fueram fueramus
2 fueras fueratis
3 fuerat fuerant
Singular Plural
1 fuero fuerimus
2 fueris fueritis
3 fuerit fuerint

The ending -unt in the perfect active (3 pl) is sometimes contracted to -e.

Subjunctive Mood

Present Tense Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 sim simus
2 sis sitis
3 sit sint
Singular Plural
1 essem essemus
2 esses essetis
3 esset essent
Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 fuerim fuerimus
2 fueris fueritis
3 fuerit fuerint
Singular Plural
1 fuissem fuissemus
2 fuisses fuissetis
3 fuisset fuissent

For the past subjective, the following forms are also found: forem, fores, ...

Imperative Mood

Present Tense Future Tense
Singular Plural
2 es este
3 ----- -----
Singular Plural
2 esto estote
3 esto sunto

Compounds


Mail comments to Eric Conrad (econrad@math.ohio-state.edu).
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Last updated: Tue Aug 26 14:53:04 EDT 1997